That is different groups, not different gospels. However, Paul did not come to follow Jesus until well after Jesus earthly ministry had already concluded. from Staffordshire University (England). Yes, Paul was very defensive regarding his apostleship. Their GOSPLE was IDENTICAL . The more that we learn about how God called Peter and Paul (despite their greatly distinct gifts, talents, abilities, and other circumstances), the better capable we are of fathoming how he wants to do likewise in our own lives. Philip then was directed to witness to the Ethiopian eunuch, bringing about an ever wider spread of the gospelthis time to a man who was clearly a Gentile God-fearer. 3. Indeed, Pauls description of his relationship with the apostles and church leaders in Jerusalem may make us even more uneasy. Saint Peter, Martyr, pray for us! Our friendship began with a shopping trip to buy a pair of shoes while he was on furlough. Peter was primarily the Apostle to Israel (Galatians 2:8). Romans 3:26 They were privileged to participate in things from which the others were excluded (see Matthew 17:1; 26:37; Mark 5:37). If you read the entirety of chapter 15 you'll see that the apostles and the church came together to decide if the Gentiles needed to keep the Law. Even though these two men travelled in different circles, Peter and Paul did encounter one another from time to time. (3) Closely related to the principle of plurality is the principle of accountability. We will seek to show that the Peter of the Gospels, and even the Peter of the Book of Acts, would not write the things concerning Paul written in these closing verses of his second epistle. Justification by faith that Christ died for our sins, was buried and rose again for complete salvation unto eternal life (1 Corinthians 15:1-4Colossians 2:10). Very, very little. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 1 For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles 2 if indeed you have heard of the stewardship of Gods grace which was given to me for you; 3 that by revelation there was made known to me the mystery, as I wrote before in brief. But in addition, Peter is admitting he was wrong, and Paul was right. Later in life, Peter spent time with John Mark (1 Peter 5:13), who wrote the gospel of Mark based on Peter's remembrances of his time with Jesus. Our final authority is the Word of God. Peter believed that Jesus really had appeared to Paul on the road to Damascus and was using Paul as an essential part of his plan to bring the whole world to know God. Peter, on the other hand, is regarded as the apostle to the Jews, or more accurately, the apostle to the circumcised (2:7). They had also convinced the Galatians that they needed to observe the Jewish Sabbath, Jewish feasts, and the Jewish calendar: "Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years," Paul noted, adding, "I am afraid [for] you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain." Salvation sent to Gentiles through Paul: the Apostle of the Gentiles. But they are also a reminder of the depth of our relationship which has developed over the years. It is one thing to admit we are wrong and another person is right, which Peter does in effect by his words in our text. Paul's thoughts have left their mark on Christianity, but it is Peter's personality that has moved Christian hearts. If the three were set apart from the rest of the twelve, Peter was even set apart from James and John, due to his great confession. Peter would play a crucial role in the establishment of the church of the Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 16:18-19).75 Johns reaction to the unauthorized ministry of one who was not one of the twelve may well reflect Peters sentiments (see Mark 9:38). Peter at least spoke Aramaic, while Paul spoke various languages, including Greek and Hebrew. Comparison of Paul and Peter. Paul was primarily the Apostle to Gentiles (Romans 11:132 Timothy 1:11). And these things were foretold. Here I continue the discussion by pointing out what seem to me to be the main similarities and differences between them, as I spelled it out in a post several years ago: ***** I have been talking about the relationship of Jesus' proclamation of the coming Kingdom of God to . The principle of plurality applies not only within a local church but also outside the local church. At the end of their first missionary journey while Paul and Barnabas were in Antioch, some Jews came down from Judea insisting the only way a Gentile could be saved was to convert to Judaism, as well as to trust in Christ. Paul did preach Jesus as the Son of God, but justification unto eternal life was based on the death, burial, and resurrection. Paul and heaven: Paul taught the church seated with Christ in heavenly places (Ephesians 2:6). Don't compare yourselves to Paul correcting Peter. Peter and Paul did not preach the same gospel messages. By Peter preached about the God of all grace revealing his grace through a Savior (1 Pet. Peter indicates that he is familiar with Pauls writings, and his mention of Paul and his epistles is far from casual. Paul writes just as also Peter has written. Do Those Who Commit Suicide Go To Hell? The comparison is laughable. But there were other links between these two men as well. There is wholeness only as all of the individual members of the body of Christ are a functional part of the church: 14 For He Himself is our peace, who made both [groups into] one, and broke down the barrier of the dividing wall, 15 by abolishing in His flesh the enmity, [which is] the Law of commandments [contained] in ordinances, that in Himself He might make the two into one new man, [thus] establishing peace (Ephesians 2:14-15, emphasis mine). After his death, it's called the gospel of God, the gospel, and the gospel of Jesus Christ. Chuck and I frequently talk on the phone, and as we finish our conversation, he ends by saying, Appreciate ya.. Peter's gospel faded away as Israel was diminished and is not the gospel that is preached today. This shows us how differences remain even in unity. Acts 15:12), and one by James (cf. In Acts 2, filled with the Spirit, Peter stepped forward to preach the sermon at Pentecost (2:14f.). He accused Peter of hypocrisy. Peter was primarily the Apostle to Israel (Galatians 2:8). So let all raise those hands and praise the LORD . In the New Testament, spiritual gifts are spiritual abilities (powers) to accomplish vital spiritual tasks in the body of Christ. Peters words in our text should certainly serve as a benchmark for assessing the truth of the doctrines claimed by the Roman Catholic Church regarding the pope. While each author of a book in the Bible must be consistent with previous revelation, each one also makes a unique contribution to the Bible as a whole. I didn't make that up - God said that. Peter's gospel: Peter preached remission of sins in the name of Jesus (Acts 10:43). (7) Pauls writings are inspired, inerrant, and authoritative, though hard to swallow, even for the other apostles. Yes my dear loved sister this is true . Peter's gospel: Peter preached remission of sins in the name of Jesus (Acts 10:43). Even though we have come this far, we are only just beginning to grasp the point Peter strives to make with its implications. James nor paul contradicted each other . It seems you're reading things into the text. by. However this does not address why Paul would need to communicate the gospel he was preaching if it was the same gospel preached by Jesus and the twelve (Galatians 2:2). Peter, a Jewish fisherman, was called to be a disciple of Jesus at the beginning of Jesus' ministry. Paul and the resurrection: Paul taught that Christ was risen for our justification (Romans 4:25). Paul simply means here that he was entrusted with the gospel for outreach to the Gentile nations whilst Peter was entrusted with the gospel for his work among the Jews. Neither one did . Consider the following ways Peters reference here to Paul applies to the church and to individual saints. And then certain men from James arrived. From Peters words in our text, we may infer that Pauls writings were already being collected. Paul preaches the gospel by which we are saved today. How much weight did Paul carry among these Jerusalem Jewish saints? Peter and the resurrection: Peter preached the gospel of the circumcision (Galatians 2:7). Peter's gospel faded away as Israel was diminished and is not the gospel that is preached today. Paul's Justification: Paul taught justification unto eternal life by the cross (, ). He would not be intimidated or awe struck by those who were of high reputation (2:6). Acts 15:13-21). Home > Index > Mid-Acts Right Division > List: Differences Between Peter and Pauls Message. Paul and works: Paul taught salvation without works (Titus 3:5 Romans 4:6 Ephesians 2:8-9). 47. 77 I am tempted to think these legalistic brethren were a bit hypocritical as they seem to have strongly insisted that the Gentile converts be circumcised in order to be saved when they were in Antioch. Paul in his epistles reveal the mysteries and doctrine for the church today. 1:21-22. One cannot say with certainty the selection of Matthias was wrong, but one certainly can say that Paul had far more impact as an apostle than Matthias did. Israel under the old covenant promises was promised to be a holy nation, a kingdom of kings and priests to rule over the Gentile nations with Christ (Revelation 1:6Exodus 19:6Revelation 5:10). Those who believed their gospels are in Christ. Paul and John represent the two most distinctive types of apostolic doctrine. Peter dominates the gospel stories, and Paul, who converts to Christianity much later, dominates the rest of the New Testament with his prolific letter writing. James nor paul contradicted each other . When Peter taught the kingdom gospel at Pentecost, Saul was rejecting the Messiah. 1 Corinthians 15:1-4 - "Now I would r, Paul did not preach a dead works faith . The Jews can claim no merit, they can take no credit, with respect to their salvation, and thus they are no better than Gentile saints. - Catholicism Coffee | Catholicism Coffee 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. A hands up praise to the LORD is called for . Even those with the same spiritual gift each have a unique calling and role to play (1 Corinthians 12:4-6). St. Paul was educated. Standing on the Promises--A Study of 2 Peter. Israel would inherit the promise of the Davidic kingdom on earth (, ). No one local church is likely to have all the spiritual gifts necessary for the on-going of its ministry or for the spread of the gospel. Indeed, Peter looks upon Paul as a brotherand ever further stillPaul is a beloved brother. I am not sure I see so great a distinction between the ministries of Peter and Paul that I would want to characterize Peter as the apostle to the circumcised and Paul as the apostle to the uncircumcised. Paul always preached to the Jews first and then the Gentiles. Paul taught forgiveness of all sin now by the blood of Jesus (, Peter's gospel: Peter preached remission of sins in the name of Jesus (Acts 10:43). Instead, it led to a riot and ultimately took Paul, in chains, to stand before Caesar in Rome. It was Paul who was ordained to write the clearest definition of the gospel in the Word of God, as found in the Book of Romans. douge Peters words are most significant. Justification by faith that Christ died for our sins, was buried and rose again for complete salvation unto eternal life (1 Corinthians 15:1-4Colossians 2:10). Nevertheless. Those who believed their gospels are in Christ. Salvation and the law; justification by faith in Jesus as the Messiah accompanied by necessary works. In so doing, Paul fulfills the purpose of God for him revealed at the time of his salvation: 15 But the Lord said to him, Go, for he is a chosen instrument of Mine, to bear My name before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel; 16 for I will show him how much he must suffer for My names sake (Acts 9:15-16). If you read the book of Acts from start to finish, without taking note of the exploits of these two . Paul was raised up to offset the legalism not only of the heretics but also of the Jerusalem Jewish church leaders, including the apostles. The "good news" is all the same news. Peter and Paul did not preach the same gospel messages. There, it was James who carried the day. Below are the differences between the gospels and Apostleship's of Peter and Paul. No one possesses all the gifts. ** There are three churches mentioned by name in the Bible; listed are two. Is this not the truth the false brethren (Galatians 2:3-5)legalists whose salvation is not absolutely clear (Acts 15:1-2)and even some of the Jerusalem churchs Jewish giants (Acts 10-11; Galatians 2:11-13)were reticent to receive? Peter could remember Jesus as a teacher and a . This is not to say God let the native Hebrew apostles off the hook that easily. Name Instructor Course Date Comparing and Contrasting Peter and Paul Apostles Paul and Peter are the most celebrated men who played a critical role in the establishment of the doctrine of Christianity all over the world after the ascension of Jesus Christ. Peter's gospel: Peter preached remission of sins in the name of Jesus (Acts 10:43). Peter and Paul: What was their Relationship? 2) Is it being suggested Paul did not preach justification unto eternal life by believing in the name of Jesus, by believing Jesus is Christ the Son of God? Ultimately, we are accountable to God, and there are times when we must obey God rather than men. Paul did not preach a dead works faith . ). I don't know how long its going to take some folks to realize , they preached ONLY ONE GOSPLE. Matthew and John authored the Gospels bearing their names. Samaritans and Gentiles). Separate, but equal, was simply not good enough. An unbiased reading of Galatians 1 and 2 would lead us to say Paul did not speak of them with reverential awe. Peter came to Antioch, the Gentile church which had become the launching pad of Gentile evangelism. Having come to the final verses of 2 Peter (2 Peter 3:13-18), our study of these verses will be carried out in three parts: (1) Peters endorsement of Pauls writings, (2) Peters warning of Scripture twisters. Paul preaches the gospel by which we are saved today. When Paul preached the gospel of the grace of God Peter's gospel of the kingdom to Israel was limited to the circumcision. What a perfect balance Paul was to the other apostles. Paul believed that Peter really was the visible head of the Church on earth and trusted his final decisions. They would, however, say some statements have full divine authority. Having already stated that no Scripture is a matter of private interpretation, he indicates it should carry the weight of the collective study and contemplation of the church (1 Peter 1:20-21). The Silence of God (Sir Robert Anderson Library Series) by Sir Robert Anderson Paperback. Peter was primarily the Apostle to Israel (Galatians 2:8). Here are the comparisons and contrasts of the Apostle Paul: A. Israel under the old covenant promises was promised to be a holy nation, a kingdom of kings and priests to rule over the Gentile nations with Christ (Revelation 1:6Exodus 19:6Revelation 5:10). Peter was called to be the 'rock' of the Church while Paul was commissioned to take the message of Jesus to the gentiles. Nevertheless, the pressure applied by these lobbying legalizers never completely subsides. He pulls no punches and at times he seems to be shouting out his arguments at breakneck speed with a strident and emotional tone. Paul's gospel: Paul taught the gospel of the uncircumcision (Galatians 2:7). Peter had walked on water! They were outside the religious system; Paul was from within. Peter and heaven: Peter taught that Israel would receive the kingdom on earth (Luke 9:2Luke 9:62 Peter 1:11Acts 2:30). Peter preached the receiving of the Holy Ghost to enable Israel to enter the kingdom (Jeremiah 31:33 Acts 2:33 Acts 2:38). Paul is known to us as the apostle of grace, but Peter was an apostle of grace too. The main similarity between the two messages exists in the person of the Lord Jesus . In chapter 5, Peter alone rebuked Ananias and Saphira for their deception, and they died, but there was no pronouncement of doctrine here, no precedent-setting action (so that this kind of sentence continued to be pronounced by an individual). Is Divorce And Remarriage After Abuse, Neglect, Financial, Or Emotional Issues Okay? Paul seems to have to stand alone, along with Barnabas and Titus, in his confrontation with these legalistic Jewish heretics. Below are the differences between the gospels and Apostleship's of Peter and Paul. Peter and the resurrection: Peter preached the gospel of the circumcision (Galatians 2:7). The Jews thought that being Jews made them better than Gentiles. Peter and Paul did not preach the same gospel messages. Paul's Apostleship: Paul was persecuting the church of God before being converted. * Peter is used as representative of the twelve apostles during their kingdom and Pentecostal ministry. (5) The teachings of Paul do not disagree with those of Peter or the other apostles. The apostles in Jerusalem were about as attracted to Paul as a cat to a dog. So much for those who preach or hold to a different gospel, but what of the apostles in Jerusalem? The advice given to Paul in Acts 21 was that of James and all the elders (21:18). Peter preached that Israel under the old covenant was redeemed and cleansed by the crucifixion and shed blood of Jesus (Matthew 26:28Hebrews 9:151 Peter 1:21 Peter 1:18-191 Peter 2:24). Even the endorsement of Pauls ministry seems tongue-in-cheek and less than whole-hearted. Powered by Invision Community. Whether they were legalistic Christians or false brethren (cf. Origen suggested ordering the New Testament books in such a way that the Epistles of Paul came last, being the culmination of the apostles' writings. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find something interesting to read. We will also see that Paul profoundly influenced not only Peter but the rest of the apostles as well, and that his ministry played a major role in the definition and declaration of the gospel from New Testament days until now. When Paul wrote to the Galatian churches, he spoke first of those who are like the false teachers of 2 Peter 2 and 3 in that their gospel is not the true gospel, and their destiny does not seem to be heaven: 6 I am amazed that you are so quickly deserting Him who called you by the grace of Christ, for a different gospel; 7 which is [really] not another; only there are some who are disturbing you, and want to distort the gospel of Christ. Peter very well was unable to read, while Paul was highly educated and an extensive writer (having given us thirteen of the twenty-seven books of the New Testament: Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon). Peter was a fisherman . Peter's Apostleship was diminishing after Paul was converted. Peter did not have Roman citizenship, while Paul did. This disagreement between Paul and Barnabas was not over any doctrinal matter, but it was a personal issue. 5He bent over and looked in at the strips of linen lying there but did not go in. Below are the differences between the gospels and Apostleship's of Peter and Paul. ). Powered by Invision Community. The principle of plurality is necessary because individuals are fallible. Even those who possess the same gifts and similar callings are not given full power, but power to perform a portion of the task our Lord gave to His entire church. The author of Scripture claims or implies his epistle is divinely inspired and authoritative (see, for example, 1 Corinthians 14:37-38). No one member of the church should dare think of himself independently of the rest of the church (1 Corinthians 12:12-21). Paul was the Apostle to the gentiles. A rift develops between these two factions of Judaism in Acts 6 due to the perception at least that the Hellenistic Jewish widows were getting second-class treatment compared to the native Hebrew widows (Acts 6:1). Who could better critique Judaism than this Hebrew of Hebrews (Philippians 3:5)? Peter's Apostleship was diminishing after Paul was converted. Lastly, Peter denied the Lord when asked if he knew Him at the trial prior to Jesus' crucifixion. Paul was right to rebuke Peter for his hypocrisy in Galatians 2. Believing is faith as being persuaded that what is said is true. When he and Barnabas did go up to Jerusalem after 14 years, they took Titus with them. Peter's gospel faded away as Israel was diminished, and is not the gospel that is preached today. On the other hand Peter was robust; he is portrayed as having a commanding physique. They rejoiced at the report Paul gave of his ministry among the Gentiles (verse 19), but they were very quick to turn the subject to the concerns of the more legalistic brethren, based upon false reports of his teaching and ministry (verses 20-21). Man, Oh Man, Catechism in a Year Podcast is Right Around the Corner! Paul, an apostle that never met Jesus, went to meet Peter and James (Jesus' brother) on a first visit to Jerusalem. Peter preached forgiveness of sin at the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 3:19). I believe the apostles did the right thing. What might one find hard to understand, or rather, hard to accept in Pauls writings? Peter preached forgiveness of sin at the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 3:19). Justin has taught theology and Spanish at Bishop McNamara High School in Forestville, Maryland, since 2006. Similar to the differences of details emphasized among the four canonical Gospels. Peter preached holiness, and to remain steadfast unto the coming of Jesus and his kingdom (2 Peter 3:17). Salvation, as Paul elsewhere demonstrates, is "by grace" and "through faith" ( Eph. Peter is central in approximately the first half ( Acts 1-12 ), being phased out after that and mentioned for the last time for the important role he had at the Jerusalem Council (15:7-11, cf. douge the statement, the premise, is false, and is contrary to all Scripture as revealed by Yahuweh through Yahushua. (Acts 15:1 KJV). Separation between the Jew and Gentile; Israel is Gods chosen people. 14 For He Himself is our peace, who made both [groups into] one, and broke down the barrier of the dividing wall, 15 by abolishing in His flesh the enmity, [which is] the Law of commandments [contained] in ordinances, that in Himself He might make the two into one new man, [thus] establishing peace, 16 and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by it having put to death the enmity. Philip, one the seven deacons selected in Acts 6 (verse 5), began to emerge as an evangelist (see Acts 21:8) and was used of God to win large numbers of the Samaritans to faith in Christ (Acts 8:5-13). Also he was the one who cut off the ear of the soldier that was arresting Jesus. 4:10, 5:12). What else could our Lord have meant by these words: But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to the remotest part of the earth (Acts 1:8). Some time ago, a liberal school of thought sought to show that Paul and Peter were arch rivals, and that the New Testament must be understood in light of their polarizing conflict. It may be that after the death of James, the brother of John, in Acts 12 that Peter fled to Antioch, a place out of the jurisdiction of King Herod Agrippa. Copyright 1999-2022 Worthy Christian Forums - A division of Worthy Ministries. He is prac-ticed in analysis and argument. Those who were chosen to write Scripture reveal not only what is consistent with earlier texts of Scripture, and the writings of their inspired contemporaries (e.g. The principle of plurality applies not only to the origination of Scripture (authorship) but also to its recognition and interpretation. Paul's gospel: Paul taught the gospel of the uncircumcision (Galatians 2:7). Neither Peter, nor his fellow-disciples, nor Paul, were infallible. We know the Jerusalem Council decided that keeping the Law was impossible for the Jews and that striving to do the works of the Law could only condemn and not save (Acts 15:10-11). He has two B.A.s from the University of Maryland - College Park, an M.A. Gentiles had to come through Israel and it's covenants to be added to the church (, Paul and the church: Paul taught the church as the body of Christ, a new creature where there was neither Jew or Gentile (, Peter and heaven: Peter taught that Israel would receive the kingdom on earth (, Paul and heaven: Paul taught the church seated with Christ in heavenly places (. The Book of Acts portrays a very interesting relationship between Peter and Paul. To be saved, Jews cannot embrace self-righteousness through law-keeping, but must trust only in the Lord Jesus Christ. A friend I met a number of years ago when our church hosted a Prison Fellowship Discipleship Seminar will graduate soon from Wheaton Bible College. Paul writes in Galatians 2:11, "When Cephas (Peter) came to Antioch, I accused him to his face, for he was clearly in the wrong.". (3) Since Paul is an apostle, his epistles are the inspired Word of God. These men are both in agreement in what they have written on many matters. Yes, the Gentiles were limited in the law keepingthese Gentiles are not in the body of Christ, they are part of the remnant of Israel. 51 Spiritual superiority could not be claimed by the Jewish Christians if they were saved in exactly the same manner as the Gentiles. There are dozens of reasons it is important to know the difference of Peter and Paul's ministries. But even when they reluctantly acknowledged the truth, only a handful of unknown Hellenistic Jews actually shared their faith with Gentiles (Acts 11:19-21). The same thing could be said for the Old Testament. Peter and Paul did not preach the same gospel messages. And yet peter was even sent to Cornelius a gentile and this is where its first recorded that the gentiles received the gospel . (4) Putting the principle of submission in perspective. 75 We understand the rock on which the church is built to be the Rock of Peters confession, the fact that the Lord Jesus is Gods promised Messiah. Our contention is that the Peter of the gospels is the author of both 1 and 2 Peter. 19 So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and are of Gods household, 20 having been built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner [stone], 21 in whom the whole building, being fitted together is growing into a holy temple in the Lord; 22 in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling of God in the Spirit (Ephesians 2:11-22). Peter (see #1) was fishing at the time, while Paul was on his way to Damascus to continue persecuting Christians. And yet James is the one who seems to carry the greatest weight among the Jerusalem brethren. In the Old Testament, there were prophets, priests, and kings. Their ancient cities are still standing Peter was from Galilee, in modern-day Israel. This particular lesson focuses on Peters endorsement of Paul and his epistles. 1. In Acts 13:1, when the leaders of the church in Antioch were listed, Barnabas was named first and Paul last. Peter and Paul never taught the same gospel. Paul sought to submit himself to the church leaders in Jerusalem, but he did not hesitate to rebuke Peter when his actions were a denial of the gospel. Promise of an heavenly position in Gods universal dominion. Below are the differences between the gospels and Apostleship's of Peter and Paul. Both Peter and Paul were ordained of God to preach the gospel. Conversely, Peter does not just preach to Jews in Acts. Yet Ryries Notes Say Otherwise. As an unbeliever, Paul was an extremist and hardly less as a Christian. But when they are biblically wrong, we should speak out against the error as we refuse to go along. 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Between the gospels and Apostleship 's of Peter and Paul and praise the Lord Jesus Christ Paul from! To accept in Pauls writings, and the resurrection: Peter preached about the of... The twelve apostles during their kingdom and Pentecostal ministry author of Scripture claims or implies his epistle is divinely and. Go in come to follow Jesus until well after Jesus earthly ministry already! Our relationship which has developed over the years and hardly less as a Christian ( 2 Peter 3:17 ) robust... 3 ; 5:32 ) good news '' is all the same gospel messages called for the religious system Paul! Had become the launching pad of Gentile evangelism he pulls no punches and at times he seems to carry greatest. Those with the Spirit, Peter and Paul last that is preached today Library )... In Gods universal dominion Lord is called for pair of shoes while he was the visible head the! Ancient cities are still standing Peter was from within now i would r, did! 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