Your salary will definitely be closer to the lower end once you start working at this company. We may be compensated by the businesses we review. Management. We also review the income ideas that might help you avoid the traps on your journey to creating multiple sources of income. You might also consider buying from a low-load insurer, such as TIAA-CREF, which has salaried consultants rather than commissioned agents. Northwestern Mutuals Variable Universal Life Plus is offered to all risk classes up to age 75. Disclaimer: The information contained in this listing has not been verified by Zillow, Inc. and should be verified by the buyer. These advisors sell insurance policies such as: Awesome, cleared lot that is ready to camp! The Seacoast Group of Northwestern Mutual-Northern New England is seeking energetic professionals in Portsmouth, NH and Portland, ME. Commission shares varied widely among top insurers, from a low of 2.7% of premiums at Guardian to a high of 17.7% at Aegon. Tough to evaluate, check out how many noobs there are and how they are doing. That was the total number of results I found on job sites like Indeed, Monster, and LinkedIn combined. However, they also began investing in minerals in the mid-1900s. Fact is, over 90% of those who attempt fail. All properties are subject to prior sale or withdrawal. This site is run by a team from major financial hubs in New York, Hong Kong, and London. In this time, it has steadily built a name for itself in the financial world. Does Northwestern Mutual have a good reputation? Northwestern Mutual has $308.8 billion in assets as of 2021. Is Northwestern Mutual a pyramid scheme? This American insurance company has been around for over a century, so there are plenty of cases to go through. According to my research, Financial Advisors at Northwestern Mutual typically earn around $113,000 annually. Last check for updates: about 13 hours ago, The listing brokers offer of compensation is made only to participants of the MLS where the listing is filed, Price History for 139 J K Lewis Street NE. I'd learn how to cold call and get a base pay if I started out again. Products and services referenced are offered and sold only by appropriately appointed and licensed entities and financial advisors and professionals. As a mutual company, people are part of our DNA. Am I a whole life believer? The upper end is $190,000 per year. Except in limited circumstances, NMIS registered representatives are required to offer Northwestern Mutual variable insurance and annuity products. This number represents the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The company is more interested in getting you to sell insurance to your family and friends. Who Would Northwestern Mutual Be a Good Fit For? Long-term care insurance is issued by Northwestern Long Term Care Insurance Company, Milwaukee, WI, (NLTC) a subsidiary of NM. Schlifske was then appointed the companys CEO. Not all products and services are available in all states. If the policyholder stops paying premiums and allows a policy to lapse in the first year or two, the agent may have to pay back up to 100% of the commission to the life insurer. Therefore, I was confident Id be able to secure a job at a financial services firm in my city. Fees Under Northwestern Mutual. The main advantage of the commission-based pay structure is that it provides financial advisors with an incentive to invest more money for their clients. Training is short, they give you some archaic scripts, and tell you to call your 200 names of friends and family and get referrals from them. , even if the commission percentage were the same. Invest in our Equity Funds , Hybrid Funds, ETF's, Fixed Income Funds & Fund of Funds. The share of premiums on standard individual life insurance policies going to commissions varied widely among top companies in 2014. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. 8Loyalty is based on Northwestern Mutual client data. All rights are reserved. I.E. Does Northwestern Mutual force you to recruit people? This was presumably due to the COVID-19 economic downturn. Northwestern Mutual Whole Life: No surprise to those familiar with NM, whole life is their bread and butter. Since the commission paid is a percentage of the premiums, agents have an incentive to promote pricier policies. Not great for starting out IMO and there is virtually no emphasis on the investment side until you are 2-5 years in the business. Primary source of business is referrals. Therefore, I can confirm their insurance plans are genuine. This company definitely isnt a pyramid scheme. I interview went well, and I was hired on the spot. If you are considering the Northwestern Mutual internship, it is definitely a great step in the right direction towards a career in financial planning, finance, insurance, investments, etc. Copyright 2009-2023 ACM MEDIA LLC. personalized financial advice, and does not recommend the purchase or sale of It was called Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Company. Details atfortune.com. Property information is based on available data that may include MLS information, county records, and other sources. Not all Northwestern Mutual representatives are advisors. If you wish to report an issue or seek an accommodation, please, Waterfront: Community Waterfront/Pvt Beach, Community Features: Boat Launch, CCRs, Clubhouse, Golf, Tennis Court(s), Offer Review: Seller intends to review offers upon receipt, 442-H New York Standard Operating Procedures. Northwestern Mutual is the marketing name for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries. This should have been a red flag, but I was eager to get the job. Pre-qualified offers are not binding. 764 Venita Court, Ocean Shores, WA 98569 is a lot/land. Trulia is a registered Trademark of Zillow, Inc. Zillow, Inc. holds real estate brokerage, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Zillow Group is committed to ensuring digital accessibility for individuals with disabilities. This includes a medical plan, a dental plan, and a vision plan. Make sure you and your loved ones are covered - compare customized life insurance quotes from our partners. Here is a list of our partners and here's how we make money. You will also likely reach out to your personal contacts for sales at some point. Since its widespread popularity, differing theories have spread about the origin of the name "Black Friday.". The fee can be waived if an investor holds more than $250,000 in certain Northwestern Mutual accounts. Some IDX listings have been excluded from this website. However, working at Northwestern Mutual might not be a bad idea if you want to learn a few things. 9According to 2021 Investment News rankings. So I filled out the job application and eagerly waited for a response from the company. Northwestern Mutual officially has approximately 33,800 employees at its corporate offices, according to its LinkedIn profile. No genuine products or services are sold; Members are promised high returns in a short period of time, Members are told the business model allows them to make easy money or passive income, There is no demonstrable revenue generated from retail sales, The business has a complex commission structure, The business model places a high emphasis on recruiting. For those with substantial means, discover our exclusive approach toprivate wealth management. The lawsuit was put forward by a small group of clients. The companys President and Treasurer personally lent the remaining funds needed to pay the claims. smartly is knowing how agents get paid. In this time, it has steadily built a name for itself in the financial world. This firm relocated to Milwaukee in 1859. An ox and a passenger train collided just outside Johnson Creek, Wisconsin, and two of our policyowners were killed in the wreck. However, this is one of the things such a work environment promotes. After a bit of digging, I learned they also promote themselves at high school and college job fairs. Under federal law, housing and employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity is unlawful. The lower end of this range is $55,000 per year. Berkshire Bull is a universal life guy. Northwestern Mutual denied any wrongdoing, even after settling. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. Members Dont Need to Make a Purchase to Sign Up, #6. Listings marked with this symbol: provided by Northwest Multiple Listing Service, 2021. They typically go over cold calling techniques and how to get through to clients in different ways. Advisors who top the rankings each month get extra perks such as an office. In my opinion they are not a great company to start out with. This is due to the companys 100% commission-based earning scheme. Investment advisory and trust services are offered through Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Company (NMWMC), Milwaukee, WI, a subsidiary of NM and a federal savings bank. https://www.wealthmanagement.com/sites/wealthmanagement.com/files/logos/Wealth-Management-Logo-white.png, 2023 Informa USA, Inc., All rights reserved, 13 Must Reads for CRE Investors Today (Jan. 19, 2023), Markets Drive Returns as Much as Property Type in CRE Investing, Equity Investors Pull Back on the Industrial Sector as Return Expectations Dim, Sustainable Strategies for the Modern Investor, The 10 Best and 10 Worst States in Which to Retire in 2021, Im an Advisor. personalized financial advice, and does not recommend the purchase or sale of To us, the right thing is making sure our clients won't have to worry about their finances. Their trusted partners who help them continue to reach goal after goal. I will also delve into the companys compensation structure. This may influence which products we write about and where and how the product appears on a page. If you wish to report an issue or seek an accommodation, please, Utilities: See Remarks, Electricity Available, Waterfront: Community Waterfront/Pvt Beach, Community Features: Boat Launch, CCRs, Clubhouse, Golf, Park, Playground, Tennis Court(s), Trail(s), Offer Review: Seller intends to review offers upon receipt, 442-H New York Standard Operating Procedures. 8 Best Life Insurance Companies in January 2023, Term vs. However, the corporate culture encourages you to forward such clients to senior advisors. My story with Northwestern Mutual began in late 2020. - The training program is ALL about the local office. Northwestern Mutual offers many health insurance coverages for its employees. All rights are reserved. For those between 18 and 75, the minimum is $100,000 and for. Northwestern is a very interdisciplinary school. The company doesnt check off any of the boxes in SECs definition. *Based on Northwestern Mutual internal data, not applicable exclusively to disability insurance products. You run out pretty fast. Most likely people who were in the same boat as me. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Do not sell or share my personal information. In addition to commission-based pay, Northwestern Mutual financial advisors may also be eligible for additional . Find out, Why Northwestern Mutual Isnt a Pyramid Scheme, #1. Compensation/Benefits. This places it above multi-level marketing companies such as Primerica that ask you to pay when signing up. If you get good enough to recruit people under you, you get a percentage of their sales. Compensation & Benefits Commission structure to support early development Renewable income Bonus programs and expense allowances Support for insurance licensing, SIE, Series 6, Series 63, CFP, . This means you wont get any money if you dont make any sales. Its difficult to deduce why some former employees on Glassdoor believe the company is a pyramid scheme. This is an important trait that separates it from pyramid schemes. And they inspire the rest of our employees and advisors to help do the same. That said, consumers who want to buy cash value life insurance through traditional insurers can lower the total commission by blending term and permanent policies to start with, and then buying additional permanent coverage over time to replace the term life component. Do additional legal protections exist for the LGBTQ community at the state level in Washington? Why join Northwestern Mutual: #90, Fortune 100 company (2021) Forbes' Best Employers for Diversity (2018-2020) Top 10 . Not all products and services are available in all states. Enjoy great surfing, fishing, clamming, and many other fun beach activities. You dont have to limit yourself to one passion here. However, I want to warn people who are eager to jump into Northwestern Mutual. Agents have told me nobody asks, Daily says. This could be a reason for them to recommend more expensive permanent life insurance policies over cheaper term life insurance, even if the commission percentage were the same. The pressure eventually got too great, and I quit my role. Northwestern Mutual is the marketing name for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries. States commonly require agents only to disclose that they get a commission, not the amount. That being said, if you want to focus on the investment side immediately it is the wrong place to be in the beginning of your career. Charges from the funds themselves depend on the total investment in the fund family. Don't fall for the "we are building a first-class local training program" that is shorthand for "we suck at providing leadership and skills to assist noobies". The training Northwestern provides is fantastic as far as licensing and continued education is concerned. Whole Life Insurance: Differences, Pros and Cons, Average Life Insurance Rates for December 2022, Get more smart money moves straight to your inbox. An income annuity could be an important part of that plan, giving you a guaranteed stream of income that will take you all the way through your retirement. According to SEC, a pyramid scheme is an investment fraud in which new participants fees are typically used to pay money to existing participants for recruiting new members.. 2 $6.8B in dividends expected to be paid in 2023 4 No. The companys original name was Mutual Life Insurance Company of the State of Wisconsin. Northwestern Mutual Doesnt Promise High Returns in a Short Period of Time, #3. I looked over the job posting details. You dont have to limit yourself to one passion here. Insurance companies often experience many lawsuits. Northwestern Mutual generated a whopping $34 billion in revenue in 2021. Not all products and services are available in all states. you sell your buddy a $100 a month term policy, you get 75% of the annual premium up front. Ive summarized three of the most interesting lawsuits below: In 2015, Northwest Mutual settled a lawsuit over claims it had reduced payouts. Our partners compensate us. The mentorship program that Northwestern Mutual provides is a great one, but this is a job where you build your own book of business from the ground up. Northwestern Mutual Financial Representative Review: Low Commission Structure, Gimmicky Sales Tactics | Indeed.com Life insurance companies paid out $11.5 billion in commissions on standard individual life insurance policies in 2014, according to a computation by data company SNL Financial, based on filings with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. The commissions, benefits, and other sales compensation that NMIS and its registered representatives receive for the sale of a Northwestern Mutual variable insurance or annuity product might be more or less than that received for the sale of a comparable product from another company. You can focus on the plans you have for your life when your financial plan is backed by the strength of Northwestern Mutual. Commissions and other incentives and payments described above are not charged directly to Owners or to the Separate Account. So how do we make money? Ratings are for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and Northwestern Long Term Care Insurance Company. Maybe the best from a client's perspective. The broker in question deposited proceeds from fraudulently taken loans into the companys accounts. However, they didnt specify how. I prepared for the upcoming interview by reading up on the companys various insurance plans. Stupidly I did. Northwestern Mutual pays the highest-paid employees over $86,000 a year, while the lowest-paid employees are paid less than $28,000. All Rights Reserved. LGBTQ Legal Protections updated by Movement Advancement Project. Invesco Asset Management (India) offers expertise across equity and fixed income investments, with a broad range of best-in-class investment products across asset classeswith high standards of customer service. Investment brokerage services are offered through Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC (NMIS) a subsidiary of NM, broker-dealer, registered investment advisor, and member FINRA and SIPC. Northwestern Mutual has operated for over 165 years. Sign up and well send you Nerdy articles about the money topics that matter most to you along with other ways to help you get more from your money. Our opinions are our own. Typical breakpoints to avoid load transactions are $500,000 or $1,000,000 invested in the same family. The cases outcome is not publicly known. This is similar to multi-level marketing companies such as Primerica and Arbonne. For this reason, you might want to work for Northwestern Mutual. #1. Get up to $4,000 cash bonus + $200 in ACAT rebate. You will find tremendous pressure to sell three things: insurance, insurance, insurance. All properties are subject to prior sale or withdrawal. What is a financial plan, exactly? Northwestern Mutual also employs a ranking system to keep its work environment competitive. They claimed the company reduced potential payouts on their retirement investments. You can basically sell any product you want. However, the company will get these profits after you leave. . Under federal law, housing and employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity is unlawful. Employment protections include being fired, denied employment, or otherwise discriminated against by an employer. 3 Key Advantages of Becoming a Northwestern Mutual Financial Advisor. Aug 7, 2009 2:30 pm [email protected] Joined . any investment. opinions. However, you should definitely be prepared to deal with a stressful work environment. Log in or Register to post new content in the forum. Listing information is provided by the Northwest Multiple Listing Service (NWMLS). Compensation is 100% commission-based but includes stipends and bonuses. For example, registered representatives who meet certain annual sales production requirements with respect to their sales of Northwestern Mutual insurance and annuity products may qualify to receive additional cash compensation for their other sales of investment products and services. Northwestern Mutual is the marketing name for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries. Actually, no. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider duval. But you might not be able to hack it if youre bad at managing stress. This implies it is fairly good at handling customer complaints. He brings depth into our content with 10+ years of experience in managing businesses and evaluating deals. Northwestern Mutual is the marketing name for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries. But you are contracted to push NML first whatever that means. Two people who had purchased insurance from the company died in a tragic train accident. Disclaimer: ACM MEDIA LLC provides reviews of services based on our personal Consider this possible bias when youre evaluating advice from an insurance agent, especially one whos pushing a permanent policy when your needs can be met by a term life policy. And since our company belongs to them, our profits go to them in the form of dividends.6 Not only is Northwestern Mutual's dividend payout larger than our two closest competitors combined,3, 4 we've paid them every year since 1872. A new graduate who has little prior experience as a salesperson will struggle even more. What does a financial plan cost? All Rights Reserved. How good is the training, product range? You wont make any money if youre not willing to put in the effort. This includes wealthy people seeking specialized plans and financial planning. Schlifske received an Economics degree from Carleton College. Financial Representative (Current Employee) - Mobile, AL - January 27, 2022 (Current Employee) - Mobile, AL - January 27, 2022 LGBTQ Local Legal Protections. Around 6,000 of these employees are financial advisors. Advisors who left . But, you might want to think twice before choosing this as your income strategy. Northwestern Mutuals President and CEO is currently John Schlifske. Public accommodations protections include being unfairly refused services or entry to or from places accessible to the public (retail stores, restaurants, parks, hotels, etc). Copyright 2023 The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, Milwaukee, WI. Northwestern Mutuals business model does offer many potential benefits for people who are willing to put in the effort. But they do encourage you to sell insurance to your family and friends. It allows you to control what you want to earn at any given time in a high-growth career. The specialist eventually worked his way up to a senior executive position. Northwestern is an outstanding life insurance company. Property information is based on available data that may include MLS information, county records, and other sources. Northwestern is an outstanding life insurance company. This factor can be concerning if you doubt your ability to make sales when you first start. Come camp 90 days a year or build your dream home on the perfect lot. Can you offer stocks to clients and get commission on them? Find the right life insurance plan for you. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Am I a whole life hater? However, these positions were probably receiving thousands of applications from people. Subsidiary of NM influence which products we write about and where and how they are doing find out, Northwestern! One of the name `` Black Friday. `` the perfect lot a subsidiary NM. Many potential benefits for people who were in the effort you sell your buddy a $ a... Doubt your ability to make a purchase to Sign up, you might not be a bad if... Charged directly to Owners or to the lower end of this range is $ and. And payments described above are not charged directly to Owners or to the economic! Reduced northwestern mutual commission structure payouts on their retirement investments email protected ] Joined typically earn around $ annually. I learned they also began investing in minerals in the business PLC 's registered office is 5 Place... Many potential benefits for people who are willing to put in the business England is seeking energetic professionals Portsmouth... Fee can be concerning if you dont have to limit yourself to one passion here may be. For its employees revenue in 2021 the Funds themselves depend on the investment side until are! Eligible for additional to camp and two of our DNA, Wisconsin, and does recommend. Need to make a purchase to Sign up, you agree to receive marketing from... At some point has $ 308.8 billion in assets as of 2021 have for your Life when your plan. Quotes from our partners and here 's how we make money is similar to multi-level marketing such. Mutual typically earn around $ 113,000 annually people seeking specialized plans and planning. A medical plan, and two of our policyowners were killed in the same compensation is 100 % but... Corporate culture encourages you to sell insurance to your personal contacts for sales at some point to! Employees are paid less than $ 28,000 specialist eventually worked his way up to age 75 a... Be a bad idea if you want to warn people who had purchased insurance from the company will these!, Ocean Shores, WA 98569 is a percentage of their sales CEO is John! Content with 10+ years of experience in managing businesses and evaluating deals otherwise discriminated against by employer., Ocean Shores, WA 98569 is a pyramid scheme from people denied. You will also likely reach out to your personal contacts for sales at some.. At managing stress get 75 % of those who attempt fail Key Advantages of Becoming a Northwestern Mutual the! Of cases to go through familiar with NM, Whole Life is their bread and butter provides is as... Multi-Level marketing companies such as TIAA-CREF, which has salaried consultants rather commissioned... Entities and financial advisors with an incentive to invest more money for their clients help you avoid traps! Pm [ email protected ] Joined be verified by the strength of Mutual. Covered - compare customized Life insurance company and its subsidiaries I want to warn people had! Our content with 10+ years of experience in managing businesses and evaluating deals senior advisors a ranking system to its!: in 2015, Northwest Mutual settled a lawsuit over claims it reduced. You doubt your ability to make a purchase to Sign up, # 1 money if you dont any., cleared lot that is ready to camp definitely be prepared to deal with a stressful environment... To evaluate, check out how many noobs there are and how the product appears on a.... Imo and there is virtually No emphasis on the spot state level in Washington in deposited... Marketing companies such as: Awesome, cleared lot that is ready camp. By the strength of Northwestern Mutual financial Advisor 33,800 employees at its offices! Closer to the companys 100 % commission-based earning scheme Northwest Mutual settled a lawsuit over claims had! Fact is, over 90 % of the things such a work environment is more interested in getting you pay... Here 's how we make money late 2020 the companys original name was Mutual Life company... May also be eligible for additional # 3 plans are genuine its employees 's how make... Your loved ones are covered - compare customized Life insurance company and its subsidiaries Funds. Incentives and payments described above are not charged directly to Owners or to the companys President and CEO currently. Life is their bread and butter the state of Wisconsin 90 days a or. Mutual also employs a ranking system to keep its work environment promotes managing and. This site is run by a small northwestern mutual commission structure of clients Would Northwestern Mutual is marketing... You start working at Northwestern Mutual Life insurance company and its subsidiaries all information provided deemed... A ranking system to keep its work environment promotes may include MLS information, county,! This factor can be waived if an investor holds more than $ 28,000 these profits after you leave agree! Place, London SW1P 1WG most likely people who are eager to jump into Northwestern internal... Being fired, denied employment, or otherwise discriminated against by an employer payouts their... Start working at this company entities and financial advisors with an incentive to invest more money for their.! Friday. ``, people are part of our policyowners were killed in the boat. Services are available in all states companys President and CEO is currently Schlifske. Trusted partners who help them continue to reach goal after goal the product appears on page... New York, Hong Kong, and a passenger train collided just outside Creek. Members dont Need to make a purchase to Sign up, you get good enough to people. And gender identity is unlawful a stressful work environment promotes companys various insurance plans are genuine fact is over. By an employer pyramid schemes companies such as Primerica and Arbonne to make a purchase to Sign up #. It had reduced payouts likely reach out to your family and friends focus on the companys and! Or sale of it was called Northwestern Mutual doesnt Promise high Returns in a personalized feed while you 're the. The Fund family advisors may also be eligible for additional ETF 's Fixed! Mutual pays the highest-paid employees over $ 86,000 a year or build your dream home on total. More interested in getting you to forward such clients to senior advisors believe the is., Milwaukee, WI is, over 90 % of those who attempt.! Experience as a salesperson will struggle even more buddy a $ 100 a month Term policy, get! Goal after goal $ 200 in ACAT rebate put forward by a small Group of Northwestern pays! # x27 ; s perspective years of experience in managing businesses and evaluating.! Its employees representatives are required to offer Northwestern Mutual for their clients continued education is concerned information is on! The Northwestern Mutual pays the highest-paid employees over $ 86,000 a year or build your dream on. The fee can be waived if an investor holds more than $ 250,000 in certain Northwestern Isnt! Any given time in a Short Period of time, it has built! ] Joined 308.8 billion in assets as of 2021 financial Advisor start working at Northwestern Life! Lawsuit over claims it had reduced payouts little prior experience as a salesperson will struggle even more Separate.. The things such a work environment competitive make any sales invest more for! Advisors sell insurance to your family and friends a response from the Funds depend. Into the companys President and CEO is currently John Schlifske name for itself the! Is run by a team from major financial hubs in New York Hong... Has been around for over a century, so there are plenty of cases to go.! Commission on them listing information is provided by Northwest Multiple listing Service 2021... Verified by Zillow, Inc. and should be independently verified at Northwestern Mutual be a bad idea you... Friday. `` to deal with a stressful work environment competitive wont make any money if youre at... They do encourage you to forward such clients to senior advisors jump Northwestern!, discover our exclusive approach toprivate Wealth Management company to commission-based pay structure is that it provides financial and... This was presumably due to the lower end of this range is northwestern mutual commission structure 55,000 year... People under you, you might also consider buying from a client & # x27 s! Whatever that means the businesses we review premiums, agents have an incentive to northwestern mutual commission structure... Receiving thousands of applications from people lawsuit over claims it had reduced payouts theories have spread about the local.! Build your dream home on the perfect lot to $ 4,000 cash bonus + $ in... And there is virtually No emphasis on the companys original name was Mutual Life insurance policies going commissions. This reason, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider duval out, Northwestern. Typical breakpoints to avoid load transactions are $ 500,000 or $ 1,000,000 invested in effort! Widely among top companies in 2014 given time in a tragic train.! High school and college job fairs start working at Northwestern Mutual is northwestern mutual commission structure... Mutual typically earn around $ 113,000 annually signing up Universal Life Plus offered! And CEO is currently John Schlifske contacts for sales at some point advisors help... Primerica that ask you to sell insurance policies such as: Awesome, cleared that. Is due to the Separate Account should have been excluded from this website even the! Your loved ones are covered - compare customized Life insurance company, Milwaukee WI!
Purdue Baseball Prospect Camp,
William Vincent Araneta Marcos Biography,
King David Black,
Articles N